Java Math Methods in Java

Introduction

The Math class in Java provides built-in methods for performing common mathematical operations.

It belongs to the:

java.lang.Math

No import is required.

1. Math.abs()

Returns the absolute value of a number.

Syntax

Math.abs(number);

Example

int result = Math.abs(-10);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

10

2. Math.max()

Returns the larger of two numbers.

int result = Math.max(10, 20);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

20

3. Math.min()

Returns the smaller of two numbers.

int result = Math.min(10, 20);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

10

4. Math.pow()

Returns a number raised to a power.

Syntax

Math.pow(base, exponent);

Example

double result = Math.pow(2, 3);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

8.0

5. Math.sqrt()

Returns the square root of a number.

double result = Math.sqrt(25);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

5.0

6. Math.cbrt()

Returns the cube root of a number.

double result = Math.cbrt(27);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

3.0

7. Math.round()

Rounds a number to the nearest integer.

long result = Math.round(10.6);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

11

8. Math.ceil()

Rounds a number upward.

double result = Math.ceil(10.2);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

11.0

9. Math.floor()

Rounds a number downward.

double result = Math.floor(10.8);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

10.0

10. Math.random()

Returns a random double value between 0.0 and less than 1.0.

double result = Math.random();

System.out.println(result);

Example output:

0.583421

Generate a number from 1 to 100

int number = (int) (Math.random() * 100) + 1;

System.out.println(number);

11. Math.signum()

Returns the sign of a number.

System.out.println(Math.signum(10));
System.out.println(Math.signum(-10));
System.out.println(Math.signum(0));

Output:

1.0
-1.0
0.0

12. Math.negateExact()

Returns the negation of an integer or long value.

int result = Math.negateExact(10);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

-10

13. Math.addExact()

Adds two numbers and throws an exception if integer overflow occurs.

int result = Math.addExact(10, 20);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

30

14. Math.subtractExact()

Subtracts two numbers.

int result = Math.subtractExact(20, 10);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

10

15. Math.multiplyExact()

Multiplies two numbers.

int result = Math.multiplyExact(10, 5);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

50

16. Math.incrementExact()

Increases a number by 1.

int result = Math.incrementExact(10);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

11

17. Math.decrementExact()

Decreases a number by 1.

int result = Math.decrementExact(10);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

9

18. Math.toIntExact()

Converts a long value to int.

long number = 100;

int result = Math.toIntExact(number);

System.out.println(result);

19. Mathematical Constants

Java provides commonly used mathematical constants.

Math.PI

System.out.println(Math.PI);

Example:

3.141592653589793

Math.E

System.out.println(Math.E);

Example:

2.718281828459045

20. Trigonometric Methods

Java provides common trigonometric methods.

Math.sin(x);
Math.cos(x);
Math.tan(x);

Example:

double result = Math.sin(Math.PI / 2);

System.out.println(result);

Output:

1.0

21. Logarithmic Methods

Common logarithmic methods:

Math.log(x);
Math.log10(x);

Example:

System.out.println(Math.log(10));
System.out.println(Math.log10(100));

Output:

2.302585...
2.0

22. Exponential Method

Math.exp() returns e raised to the specified power.

double result = Math.exp(2);

System.out.println(result);

23. Common Math Methods Summary

Conclusion

The Java Math class provides ready-to-use methods for mathematical calculations, rounding, random numbers, powers, roots, trigonometry, and logarithms.

The most commonly used methods are:

• abs()

• max()

• min()

• pow()

• sqrt()

• round()

• ceil()

• floor()

• random()

These methods are useful in Java applications, calculations, algorithms, and backend development.